1、Immediately relevant to game theory are the sex ratios in certain parasitic wasp species that have a large excess of females. In these species, fertilized eggs develop into females and unfertilized eggs into males. A female stores sperm and can determine the sex of each egg she lays by fertilizing it or leaving it unfertilized. By Fisher‘s genetic argument that the sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted, it should pay a female to produce equal numbers of sons and daughters. Hamilton, noting that the eggs develop within their host—the larva of another insect—and that the newly emerged adult wasps mate immediately and disperse, offered a remarkably cogent analysis. Since only one female usually lays eggs in a given larva, it would pay her to produce one male only, because this one male could fertilize all his sisters on emergence. Like Fisher, Hamilton looked for an evolutionarily stable strategy, but he went a step further in recognizing that he was looking for a strategy.
Read the text and answer the multiple-choice question by selecting the correct response. Only one response is correct.
The author suggests that the work of Fisher and Hamilton was similar in that both scientists
A. Conducted their research at approximately the same time
B. Sought to manipulate the sex ratios of some of the animals they studied
C. Sought an explanation of why certain sex ratios exist and remain stable
D. Studied game theory, thereby providing important groundwork for the later development of strategy theory
2、It is believed that Cushitic-speaking people were the first ethnic group to migrate to today’s Kenya. It is believed that they moved in from northern Africa somewhere around 2000 BCE. Then came the Arab Traders who started frequenting the Kenyan coast way back in the first century CE (Common Era). The Kenyan coast served host to communities of iron workers, subsistence farmers, hunters and fishermen who supported the economy with agriculture, fishing, metal production and trade with foreign countries.
Read the text and answer the multiple-choice question by selecting the correct response. Only one response is correct.
Which of the following statements is not true with reference to Kenya?
A. Settlers from Arab Countries constitute a significant fraction of Kenya’s population today.
B. Cushitic speaking people moved into today’s Kenyan territory around 2000 years ago.
C. Arab traders started paying regular visits to Kenya ever since the turn of the Common Era.
D. The Kenyan coast has over the centuries served host to diverse communities and cultures.
3、Until the 1600s, English was, for the most part, spoken only in England. However, during the course of the next two centuries, English began to spread around the globe as a result of exploration, trade, colonization, and missionary work. English gradually became the primary language of international business, banking, and diplomacy. Currently, more than 80 percent of the information stored on computer systems worldwide is in English. Two thirds of the world’s science writing is in English, and English is the main language of technology, advertising, media, international airports, and air traffic controllers. Today there are more than 700 million English users in the world, and over half of these are non-native speakers, constituting the largest number of non-native users of any language in the world.
Read the text and answer the multiple-choice question by selecting the correct response. Only one response is correct.
Which of the following most accurately summarizes the opinion of the author in the text?
A. Small enclaves of English speakers have grown in various parts of the world.
B. Over the past 500 years, small English communities have proliferated all over the world.
C. English has become the dominant language of international communication.
D. English is the native language of more than half a billion people of the world.
4、 English in India is a historical legacy. English can open our door to the world as we can interact with the people globally if we have a command on English. English is the medium which can broaden our horizons of knowledge and experience. Our view point can be put forth to the foreigners and we can confidently debate our point of view. Many Indian spiritual gurus have foreign followers because with English they have expressed their ideas which have won many a foreign heart. Our culture and spirituality which earlier remained in bounds has gained an international identity.
Read the text and answer the multiple-choice question by selecting the correct response. Only one response is correct.
What main point is the author trying to make?
A. The use of English enables India to merge with the rest of the world.
B. English language poses no threat to India’s regional languages.
C. English in its own domains has become the main language for communication.
D. English has played an important incremental role to India’s regional languages.
5、West Asia witnessed major political changes after the Second World War. Jordan and Syria became independent in 1946 from Britain and France respectively. Egypt wanted to renegotiate the 1936 Anglo Egyptian Treaty with Britain. Lebanon also became fully independent when the French troops moved out in 1946. The Arab League, formed in 1945 at the behest of Britain, suffered due to lack of trust among the member countries. In November 1947 the UN General Assembly approved the partition of Palestine to resolve the Arab-Israel conflict. Although the Jewish Leadership accepted this, the Palestinian Arabs and the Arab League called it unfair and rejected it. They wanted Palestinians to get the right to rule according to the UN Charter.
Read the text and answer the multiple-choice question by selecting the correct response. Only one response is correct.
Which of the following pieces of information cannot be made out from the above passage?
A. Jordan was a British colony till 1946.
B. Many West Asian countries got independence after the Second World War.
C. The Arab League was virtually a creation of Britain.
D. The 1947 UN Resolution paved the way for an lasting solution to the Arab-Israeli dispute.
参考答案：1—C 2—B 3—C 4—A 5—D